Special histochemical stains, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, PCR with sequencing, culture and other techniques are recommended to confirm or establish specific etiologic diagnoses when considered necessary; immunohistochemistry is also carried out to characterize some neoplasms.
Adrenalitis, systemic mycobacteriosis - Ziehl-Neelsen stain
Spermophilus richardsonii
Inluenza antigen detection in bronchointerstitial pneumonia - influenza A immunohistochemistry
Ferret
Fungal necrotizing laryngitis – Grocott stain
Rabbit
Enteric coronavirus antigen detection in enteritis - coronavirus immunohistochemistry
Ferret
Arterial mineralization, ovary - von Kossa stain
Tursiops truncatus
Tubulointerstitial nephritis, chlamydiophilosis - Stamp stain
Amazona farinosa
Ventriculitis, invasive zygomycosis - PAS stain
Budgerigar
Broncopneumonia, diseminated mycobacteriosis - Ziehl-Neelsen stain
Spermophilus richardsonii
Leptospirosis - Warthin-Starry stain
Ferret